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How to Survive an Abduction or Hostage Situation  
HOW TO 

Tags: Survival, Hostage, Abduction

One minute you're getting in your car to go to work, and the next you're bound and gagged in the back of a speeding van. Depending on where you work, this might be a welcome change, but for most people, being kidnapped or held hostage is a terrifying experience. And it happens that fast. Sometimes so fast that you can't even attempt to escape your abductor(s). Fortunately, most kidnapping victims are released unharmed, most fairly quickly. Make no mistake, though: any abduction can turn deadly, and whether the victim survives depends largely on decisions he or she makes while in captivity.

1.	Attempt to thwart the abduction. If you can escape the initial abduction attempt, your ordeal ends right there. Read the related wikiHow for details.
2.	Survive the initial abduction. The first few minutes of a hostage-taking situation or an abduction are the most dangerous, and they become more dangerous if you resist. While in many cases, the potential for immediate escape outweighs the danger of resistance, there are times (if there are multiple armed attackers, for example) where escape is not realistic and therefore not worth the risk. Think rationally and be cooperative in this sort of situation.
3.	Regain your composure. Your adrenaline will be pumping, your heart will be pounding, and you will be terrified. Calm down. The sooner you can regain your composure the better off you will be immediately and in the long run.
4.	Be observant. Right from the start, you should try to observe and remember as much as possible in order to help you plan an escape, predict your abductor's next moves, or give information to the police to aid in a rescue or to help apprehend and convict the kidnapper. You may not be able to use your eyes--you may be blindfolded--but you can still gather information with your senses of hearing, touch, and smell.
5.	Try to ascertain why you have been abducted. There are a variety of motivations for abduction, from sexual assualt to ransom demands to political leverage. How you interact with your captors, and whether you risk an escape, should depend at least partly on your captors' motivation. If they are holding you for ransom or to negotiate the release of prisoners, you are most likely worth far more to them alive than dead. If you've been captured by a serial killer or sexual predator, however, or if you've been abducted in retaliation for some political or military action, your abductor likely intends to kill you. Your decision of whether and when to attempt an escape should be made based on this information.
6.	Keep a survival attitude. Be positive. Remember, most kidnapping victims survive--the odds are with you. That said, you should prepare yourself for a long captivity. Some hostages have been held for years, but they kept a positive attitude, played their cards right, and were eventually freed. Take it one day at a time.
7.	Put your captor at ease. Be calm. Cooperate (within reason) with your captor. Don't make threats or become violent, and don't attempt to escape unless the time is right (see below).
8.	Keep your dignity. It is generally psychologically harder for a person to kill, rape, or otherwise harm a captive if the captive remains "human" in the captor's eyes. Do not grovel, beg, or become hysterical. Try even not to cry. Do not challenge your abductor, but show him that you are worthy of respect.
9.	Attempt to establish a rapport with your abductor. If you can build some sort of bond with your captor, he will generally be more hesitant to harm you.
10.	Try to communicate with other captives. If you are held with other captives, talk to them as much as is safely possible. If you look out for each other and have others to talk to, your captivity will be easier to handle. You may also be able to plan an effective escape together. Depending on the situation, your communication may have to be covert, and if you're held for a long time you may develop codes and signals.
11.	Keep track of time, and try to discern patterns. Keeping track of time can help you establish routines that will enable you to maintain your dignity and your sanity. It can also help you plan and execute an escape if you can detect patterns of when your abductor comes and goes and for how long he is gone. If there are no clocks available, you will need to make a conscious effort to keep track of time. If you can see sunlight, it will be fairly easy, but otherwise you can listen for changes in activity outside, make note of differences in your captor's awareness level, try to detect different food odors, or look for other clues.
12.	Daydream. Think about what you'll do when you get back home. Hold conversations in your head with friends and loved ones. Do these things consciously, and you won't be going crazy--you'll be keeping yourself sane.
13.	Stay mentally active. Captivity can be boring and mind-numbing. It's important challenge your mind so you can remain sane, but also so you can think rationally about escape. Do math problems, think of puzzles, try to recite poems you know; do whatever you can to keep yourself occupied and mentally sharp.
14.	Stay physically active. It can be difficult to remain in shape in captivity, especially if you're restrained, but it's important to do so. Being in good physical condition can aid in your escape and keep you in good spirits during your captivity. Exercise, even if it's just doing jumping jacks, pushups, or even pushing your hands together or stretching. Try dancing to a tune in your head.
15.	Ask for small favors. If you're settled in for a long captivity, gradually ask for small accommodations. Request a heavier blanket, for example, or a newspaper. Keep requests small, at least initially, and space them far apart. You can make your captivity more comfortable and make yourself more human to your captors.
16.	Blend in. If you are held with other captives, you don't want to stand out, especially not as a troublemaker.
17.	Watch out for warning signs. If your captors decide to kill you, you need to know as soon as possible so that you can plan an escape. If they suddenly stop feeding you, if they treat you more harshly (dehumanizing you), if they suddenly seem desperate or frightened, or if other hostages are being released but your captors don't appear to intend release you, look out.
18.	Try to escape only if the time is right. When is the right time to escape? Sometimes it's safest to just wait to be freed or rescued. However, if the perfect situation presents itself--if you have a solid plan and are almost certain that you can successfully escape--you should take advantage of the opportunity. You should also attempt to escape, even if your chances are not good, if you are reasonably certain that your captors are going to kill you.
19.	Stay out of the way if a rescue attempt is made. Hooray--the cavalry is here! Before you get too excited, keep in mind that aside from the first few minutes of an abduction, the rescue attempt is the most dangerous time in a hostage situation. Your captors may become desperate and attempt to use you as a shield, or they may simply decide to kill any hostages. Even if your captors are taken by surprise, you could be killed by the actions of police or soldiers, who may use explosives and heavy firepower to enter a building. When a rescue attempt occurs, try to hide from your captors, if possible. Stay low, and protect your head with your hands, or try to get behind some kind of protective barrier (under a desk or table, for example, or in a bathtub). Don't make sudden movements when armed rescuers burst in.
20.	Follow the rescuers' instructions carefully. Your rescuers will be on edge, and they will most likely shoot first and ask questions later. Obey all commands they give. If they tell everybody to lie down on the floor or put their hands on their heads, for example, do it. Remain calm and put rescuers at ease.

Lister: ListAfterList Wiki Contributors
Source: WikiHow – All text in this list shared under a Creative Commons License

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