| | 2006 - Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello |
| | 2005 - Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren |
| | 2004 - Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck |
| | 2003 - Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield |
| | 2002 - Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston |
| | 2001 - Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul Nurse |
| | 2000 - Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel |
| | 1999 - Günter Blobel |
| | 1998 - Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad |
| | 1997 - Stanley B. Prusiner |
| | 1996 - Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel |
| | 1995 - Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus |
| | 1994 - Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell |
| | 1993 - Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp |
| | 1992 - Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs |
| | 1991 - Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann |
| | 1990 - Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas |
| | 1989 - J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus |
| | 1988 - Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings |
| | 1987 - Susumu Tonegawa |
| | 1986 - Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini |
| | 1985 - Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein |
| | 1984 - Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein |
| | 1983 - Barbara McClintock |
| | 1982 - Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane |
| | 1981 - Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel |
| | 1980 - Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell |
| | 1979 - Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield |
| | 1978 - Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith |
| | 1977 - Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow |
| | 1976 - Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek |
| | 1975 - David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard M. Temin |
| | 1974 - Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade |
| | 1973 - Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen |
| | 1972 - Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter |
| | 1971 - Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. |
| | 1970 - Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod |
| | 1969 - Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria |
| | 1968 - Robert W. Holley, H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg |
| | 1967 - Ragnar Granit, Haldan K. Hartline, George Wald |
| | 1966 - Peyton Rous, Charles B. Huggins |
| | 1965 - François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod |
| | 1964 - Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen |
| | 1963 - Sir John Eccles, Alan L. Hodgkin, Andrew F. Huxley |
| | 1962 - Francis Crick, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins |
| | 1961 - Georg von Békésy |
| | 1960 - Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Medawar |
| | 1959 - Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg |
| | 1958 - George Beadle, Edward Tatum, Joshua Lederberg |
| | 1957 - Daniel Bovet |
| | 1956 - André F. Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards |
| | 1955 - Hugo Theorell |
| | 1954 - John F. Enders, Thomas H. Weller, Frederick C. Robbins |
| | 1953 - Hans Krebs, Fritz Lipmann |
| | 1952 - Selman A. Waksman |
| | 1951 - Max Theiler |
| | 1950 - Edward C. Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip S. Hench |
| | 1949 - Walter Hess, Egas Moniz |
| | 1948 - Paul Müller |
| | 1947 - Carl Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay |
| | 1946 - Hermann J. Muller |
| | 1945 - Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst B. Chain, Sir Howard Florey |
| | 1944 - Joseph Erlanger, Herbert S. Gasser |
| | 1943 - Henrik Dam, Edward A. Doisy |
| | 1942 - The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1941 - The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1940 - The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1939 - Gerhard Domagk |
| | 1938 - Corneille Heymans |
| | 1937 - Albert Szent-Györgyi |
| | 1936 - Sir Henry Dale, Otto Loewi |
| | 1935 - Hans Spemann |
| | 1934 - George H. Whipple, George R. Minot, William P. Murphy |
| | 1933 - Thomas H. Morgan |
| | 1932 - Sir Charles Sherrington, Edgar Adrian |
| | 1931 - Otto Warburg |
| | 1930 - Karl Landsteiner |
| | 1929 - Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Hopkins |
| | 1928 - Charles Nicolle |
| | 1927 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg |
| | 1926 - Johannes Fibiger |
| | 1925 - The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1924 - Willem Einthoven |
| | 1923 - Frederick G. Banting, John Macleod |
| | 1922 - Archibald V. Hill, Otto Meyerhof |
| | 1921 - The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1920 - August Krogh |
| | 1919 - Jules Bordet |
| | 1918 - The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1917 - The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1916 - The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1915 - The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section |
| | 1914 - Robert Bárány |
| | 1913 - Charles Richet |
| | 1912 - Alexis Carrel |
| | 1911 - Allvar Gullstrand |
| | 1910 - Albrecht Kossel |
| | 1909 - Theodor Kocher |
| | 1908 - Ilya Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich |
| | 1907 - Alphonse Laveran |
| | 1906 - Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal |
| | 1905 - Robert Koch |
| | 1904 - Ivan Pavlov |
| | 1903 - Niels Ryberg Finsen |
| | 1902 - Ronald Ross |
| | 1901 - Emil von Behring |